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St Margaret's Church (dedicated in full to St Margaret of Antioch) is an Anglican church in the village of West Hoathly in Mid Sussex, one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex. By the late 11th century, a simple single-room stone building existed on the high, open ridge upon which the village developed. A series of medieval expansions doubled its size by the 15th century, and the present building has changed little since then—despite a Victorian restoration overseen by architect R. H. Carpenter. A major addition was the heavily buttressed Perpendicular Gothic west tower, topped with a tall broach spire and containing a peal of ancient bells. The large, steeply terraced churchyard also serves as a public cemetery and has far-reaching views across the Weald. The original dedication to Saint Margaret of Antioch fell out of use for many centuries until a researcher rediscovered it. The church serves a large rural parish which was reduced in size in 1882 when two residents of the hamlet of Highbrook paid for an additional church to be built there. English Heritage has listed it at Grade I for its architectural and historical importance. ==History== West Hoathly stands on a high ridge in the Weald, south-southwest of the ancient market town of East Grinstead. Worth, now part of the Crawley urban area but originally a large parish with a Saxon church, lies a similar distance to the northwest. The land rises to just outside the village, and outcrops of sandstone (such as the mushroom-shaped "Great-on-Little") are nearby. The area was already settled by the 11th century, and names recorded at that time include ''Hadlega'' and ''Hodlega''—later standardised to ''Hodlegh'' and ''Hothelegh'', then (West) Hoathly.〔 In the Sussex dialect, the pronunciation "West Ho'ly" is sometimes heard. The Domesday survey of 1086 did not mention a church or settlement at West Hoathly,〔 but architectural evidence suggests that the core the present church dates from about 1090,〔 when it would have been merely "a little Norman building". At that time it would have been a simple single-cell structure consisting of a nave and chancel and "possibly ... an apse". It was situated overlooking the surrounding forests on the ridge which forms the watershed between rivers flowing north towards the Thames and south towards the English Channel. Along with the church at Rotherfield, it was—and remains—the only ancient church in the whole of the Weald to stand right on the crest of this ridge. Within a century, the church underwent the first of several major structural alterations which have resulted in "seven different medieval styles () building periods" being represented.〔 Around the end of the 12th century, the nave was extended by the addition of a south aisle, for which the south wall of the nave was removed. A "typical Norman arcade" was inserted in its place.〔 Next, in about 1200, the west end of the chancel was altered and the chancel arch leading to the nave was removed without replacement.〔 More significant and "far more interesting"〔 work was then undertaken on the chancel in the third quarter of the 13th century: it was extended to the east, making it longer than the nave—a very rare pattern, whose only equivalent in a Sussex parish church is St Laurence's Church at Guestling according to one authority.〔 A pair of windows, one a lancet and the other a plain two-light opening set below a quatrefoil, were inserted in the north wall, around 1250; they are "a most remarkable example of the beginnings of tracery".〔 The fifth stage of development consisted of the construction of a Lady chapel on the south side in about 1270. A two-bay arcade supported on octagonal piers separated this from the chancel. Early in the 14th century, a sixth stage of rebuilding took place: this was a major redevelopment, possibly caused by fire or other structural damage. The narrow south aisle was rebuilt in the Decorated Gothic style to make it wider than the adjacent Lady chapel〔 (this lasted longer than the rest of the contemporary work);〔 an arch was inserted to link the chapel and aisle;〔 diagonal buttresses were added to support the east wall of the chancel; two "rather coarsely executed" windows were inserted in the rebuilt south wall; and a new south entrance, a holy water stoup and a piscina were inserted.〔 At the start of the 15th century, a Perpendicular Gothic tower with "the usual shingled broach spire"〔 was built at the west end.〔 It obscured the nave's original west window, so a new window was inserted in the north wall instead.〔 The church, originally a small and simple building, had "doubled its size in 250 years" as a result of these alterations: "the perfect example of a church steadily expanding ... to fulfil its local requirements".〔 A new south door was added in 1626: wrought iron nails in the woodwork spell out the date .〔 Earlier, during the Jacobean era, a pulpit with scrollwork-decorated panelling was installed.〔 A wooden gallery was built at the west end in 1723. Re-shingling of the spire was carried out in 1731 (by craftsmen from Rotherfield, well-known locally for its shingling industry), 1734 and 1741, when part of the south wall of the chancel was also shingled to make it damp-proof. The church was restored in 1870 by William Slater and Richard Herbert Carpenter. They removed many 17th-century features, added a porch and vestry (described in 1935 as "perfectly deplorable examples"),〔 tiled the floor and re-roofed the nave and chancel.〔 Slater and Carpenter's work, directed by the latter,〔 has been called "unnecessarily costly", but their work on the chancel work was praised as "enterprising" by Nikolaus Pevsner.〔 Further work took place in 1935, undertaken by W.H. Shelford. The glazed tiles and wood flooring were removed, revealing old tombs including one dating from 1624 near the altar rails, and the floor was relaid in stone.〔〔 The altar, which had been placed on a step, was lowered to its original height again. A new set of altar rails were also installed, and were positioned to run straight across the chancel; they were not newly constructed, but dated from the late 17th century and apparently came from St Mary's Church, Barcombe. They were bought it an antique shop in The Lanes in Brighton.〔 In 1935, the church's dedication to Saint Margaret of Antioch—rare in England—was rediscovered, having been lost for centuries. A member of the Sussex Archaeological Society found a 13th-century document with details of the dedication while undertaking research.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「St Margaret's Church, West Hoathly」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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